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Network Working Group                                            S. Legg
Request for Comments: 3687                           Adacel Technologies
Category: Standards Track                                  February 2004

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
                   and X.500 Component Matching Rules

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
   Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
   improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
   Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
   and status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

Abstract

The syntaxes of attributes in a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
   (LDAP) or X.500 directory range from simple data types, such as text
   string, integer, or boolean, to complex structured data types, such
   as the syntaxes of the directory schema operational attributes.
   Matching rules defined for the complex syntaxes usually only provide
   the most immediately useful matching capability.  This document
   defines generic matching rules that can match any user selected
   component parts in an attribute value of any arbitrarily complex
   attribute syntax.

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Table of Contents

1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  ComponentAssertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.1.  Component Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
             3.1.1.  Component Type Substitutions . . . . . . . . . .  7
             3.1.2.  Referencing SET, SEQUENCE and CHOICE Components.  8
             3.1.3.  Referencing SET OF and SEQUENCE OF Components. .  9
             3.1.4.  Referencing Components of Parameterized Types. . 10
             3.1.5.  Component Referencing Example. . . . . . . . . . 10
             3.1.6.  Referencing Components of Open Types . . . . . . 12
                     3.1.6.1. Open Type Referencing Example . . . . . 12
             3.1.7.  Referencing Contained Types. . . . . . . . . . . 14
                     3.1.7.1. Contained Type Referencing Example. . . 14
       3.2.  Matching of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
             3.2.1.  Applicability of Existing Matching Rules . . . . 17
                     3.2.1.1. String Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
                     3.2.1.2. Telephone Number Matching . . . . . . . 17
                     3.2.1.3. Distinguished Name Matching . . . . . . 18
             3.2.2.  Additional Useful Matching Rules . . . . . . . . 18
                     3.2.2.1. The rdnMatch Matching Rule. . . . . . . 18
                     3.2.2.2. The presentMatch Matching Rule. . . . . 19
             3.2.3.  Summary of Useful Matching Rules . . . . . . . . 20
   4.  ComponentFilter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   5.  The componentFilterMatch Matching Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   6.  Equality Matching of Complex Components. . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.1.  The OpenAssertionType Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       6.2.  The allComponentsMatch Matching Rule . . . . . . . . . . 25
       6.3.  Deriving Component Equality Matching Rules . . . . . . . 27
       6.4.  The directoryComponentsMatch Matching Rule . . . . . . . 28
   7.  Component Matching Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   8.  Security Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
   10. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       11.1.  Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       11.2.  Informative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   12. Intellectual Property Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
   13. Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
   14. Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

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1.  Introduction

The structure or data type of data held in an attribute of a
   Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) [7] or X.500 [19]
   directory is described by the attribute's syntax.  Attribute syntaxes
   range from simple data types, such as text string, integer, or
   boolean, to complex data types, for example, the syntaxes of the
   directory schema operational attributes.

In X.500, the attribute syntaxes are explicitly described by Abstract
   Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [13] type definitions.  ASN.1 type
   notation has a number of simple data types (e.g., PrintableString,
   INTEGER, BOOLEAN), and combining types (i.e., SET, SEQUENCE, SET OF,
   SEQUENCE OF, and CHOICE) for constructing arbitrarily complex data
   types from simpler component types.  In LDAP, the attribute syntaxes
   are usually described in Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [2],
   though there is an implied association between the LDAP attribute
   syntaxes and the X.500 ASN.1 types.  To a large extent, the data
   types of attribute values in either an LDAP or X.500 directory are
   described by ASN.1 types.  This formal description can be exploited
   to identify component parts of an attribute value for a variety of
   purposes.  This document addresses attribute value matching.

With any complex attribute syntax there is normally a requirement to
   partially match an attribute value of that syntax by matching only
   selected components of the value.  Typically, matching rules specific
   to the attribute syntax are defined to fill this need.  These highly
   specific matching rules usually only provide the most immediately
   useful matching capability.  Some complex attribute syntaxes don't
   even have an equality matching rule let alone any additional matching
   rules for partial matching.  This document defines a generic way of
   matching user selected components in an attribute value of any
   arbitrarily complex attribute syntax, where that syntax is described
   using ASN.1 type notation.  All of the type notations defined in
   X.680 [13] are supported.

Section 3 describes the ComponentAssertion, a testable assertion
   about the value of a component of an attribute value of any complex
   syntax.

Section 4 introduces the ComponentFilter assertion, which is an
   expression of ComponentAssertions.  The ComponentFilter enables more
   powerful filter matching of components in an attribute value.

Section 5 defines the componentFilterMatch matching rule, which
   enables a ComponentFilter to be evaluated against attribute values.

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Section 6 defines matching rules for component-wise equality matching
   of attribute values of any syntax described by an ASN.1 type
   definition.

Examples showing the usage of componentFilterMatch are in Section 7.

For a new attribute syntax, the Generic String Encoding Rules [9] and
   the specifications in sections 3 to 6 of this document make it
   possible to fully and precisely define the LDAP-specific encoding,
   the LDAP and X.500 binary encoding (and possibly other ASN.1
   encodings in the future), a suitable equality matching rule, and a
   comprehensive collection of component matching capabilities, by
   simply writing down an ASN.1 type definition for the syntax.  These
   implicit definitions are also automatically extended if the ASN.1
   type is later extended.  The algorithmic relationship between the
   ASN.1 type definition, the various encodings and the component
   matching behaviour makes directory server implementation support for
   the component matching rules amenable to automatic code generation
   from ASN.1 type definitions.

Schema designers have the choice of storing related items of data as
   a single attribute value of a complex syntax in some entry, or as a
   subordinate entry where the related data items are stored as separate
   attribute values of simpler syntaxes.  The inability to search
   component parts of a complex syntax has been used as an argument for
   favouring the subordinate entries approach.  The component matching
   rules provide the analogous matching capability on an attribute value
   of a complex syntax that a search filter has on a subordinate entry.

Most LDAP syntaxes have corresponding ASN.1 type definitions, though
   they are usually not reproduced or referenced alongside the formal
   definition of the LDAP syntax.  Syntaxes defined with only a
   character string encoding, i.e., without an explicit or implied
   corresponding ASN.1 type definition, cannot use the component
   matching capabilities described in this document unless and until a
   semantically equivalent ASN.1 type definition is defined for them.

2.  Conventions

Throughout this document "type" shall be taken to mean an ASN.1 type
   unless explicitly qualified as an attribute type, and "value" shall
   be taken to mean an ASN.1 value unless explicitly qualified as an
   attribute value.

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Note that "ASN.1 value" does not mean a Basic Encoding Rules (BER)
   [17] encoded value.  The ASN.1 value is an abstract concept that is
   independent of any particular encoding.  BER is just one possible
   encoding of an ASN.1 value.  The component matching rules operate at
   the abstract level without regard for the possible encodings of a
   value.

Attribute type and matching rule definitions in this document are
   provided in both the X.500 [10] and LDAP [4] description formats.
   Note that the LDAP descriptions have been rendered with additional
   white-space and line breaks for the sake of readability.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED" and "MAY" in this document are
   to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [1].  The key word
   "OPTIONAL" is exclusively used with its ASN.1 meaning.

3.  ComponentAssertion

A ComponentAssertion is an assertion about the presence, or values
   of, components within an ASN.1 value, i.e., an instance of an ASN.1
   type.  The ASN.1 value is typically an attribute value, where the
   ASN.1 type is the syntax of the attribute.  However, a
   ComponentAssertion may also be applied to a component part of an
   attribute value.  The assertion evaluates to either TRUE, FALSE or
   Undefined for each tested ASN.1 value.

A ComponentAssertion is described by the following ASN.1 type
   (assumed to be defined with "EXPLICIT TAGS" in force):

ComponentAssertion ::= SEQUENCE {
          component         ComponentReference (SIZE(1..MAX)) OPTIONAL,
          useDefaultValues  BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE,
          rule              MATCHING-RULE.&id,
          value             MATCHING-RULE.&AssertionType }

ComponentReference ::= UTF8String

MATCHING-RULE.&id equates to the OBJECT IDENTIFIER of a matching
   rule.  MATCHING-RULE.&AssertionType is an open type (formerly known
   as the ANY type).

The "component" field of a ComponentAssertion identifies which
   component part of a value of some ASN.1 type is to be tested, the
   "useDefaultValues" field indicates whether DEFAULT values are to be
   substituted for absent component values, the "rule" field indicates

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how the component is to be tested, and the "value" field is an
   asserted ASN.1 value against which the component is tested.  The
   ASN.1 type of the asserted value is determined by the chosen rule.

The fields of a ComponentAssertion are described in detail in the
   following sections.

3.1.  Component Reference

The component field in a ComponentAssertion is a UTF-8 character
   string [6] whose textual content is a component reference,
   identifying a component part of some ASN.1 type or value.  A
   component reference conforms to the following ABNF [2], which extends
   the notation defined in Clause 14 of X.680 [13]:

component-reference = ComponentId *( "." ComponentId )
      ComponentId         = identifier /
                            from-beginning /
                            count /
                            from-end /       ; extends Clause 14
                            content /        ; extends Clause 14
                            select /         ; extends Clause 14
                            all

identifier          = lowercase *alphanumeric
                               *(hyphen 1*alphanumeric)
      alphanumeric        = uppercase / lowercase / decimal-digit
      uppercase           = %x41-5A  ; "A" to "Z"
      lowercase           = %x61-7A  ; "a" to "z"
      hyphen              = "-"

from-beginning      = positive-number
      count               = "0"
      from-end            = "-" positive-number
      content             = %x63.6F.6E.74.65.6E.74 ; "content"
      select              = "(" Value *( "," Value ) ")"
      all                 = "*"

positive-number     = non-zero-digit *decimal-digit

decimal-digit       = %x30-39  ; "0" to "9"
      non-zero-digit      = %x31-39  ; "1" to "9"

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An <identifier> conforms to the definition of an identifier in ASN.1
   notation (Clause 11.3 of X.680 [13]).  It begins with a lowercase
   letter and is followed by zero or more letters, digits, and hyphens.
   A hyphen is not permitted to be the last character and a hyphen is
   not permitted to be followed by another hyphen.

The <Value> rule is described by the Generic String Encoding Rules
   (GSER) [9].

A component reference is a sequence of one or more ComponentIds where
   each successive ComponentId identifies either an inner component at
   the next level of nesting of an ASN.1 combining type, i.e., SET,
   SEQUENCE, SET OF, SEQUENCE OF, or CHOICE, or a specific type within
   an ASN.1 open type.

A component reference is always considered in the context of a
   particular complex ASN.1 type.  When applied to the ASN.1 type the
   component reference identifies a specific component type.  When
   applied to a value of the ASN.1 type a component reference identifies
   zero, one or more component values of that component type.  The
   component values are potentially in a DEFAULT value if
   useDefaultValues is TRUE.  The specific component type identified by
   the component reference determines what matching rules are capable of
   being used to match the component values.

The component field in a ComponentAssertion may also be absent, in
   which case the identified component type is the ASN.1 type to which
   the ComponentAssertion is applied, and the identified component value
   is the whole ASN.1 value.

A valid component reference for a particular complex ASN.1 type is
   constructed by starting with the outermost combining type and
   repeatedly selecting one of the permissible forms of ComponentId to
   identify successively deeper nested components.  A component
   reference MAY identify a component with a complex ASN.1 type, i.e.,
   it is not required that the component type identified by a component
   reference be a simple ASN.1 type.

3.1.1.  Component Type Substitutions

ASN.1 type notation has a number of constructs for referencing other
   defined types, and constructs that are irrelevant for matching
   purposes.  These constructs are not represented in a component
   reference in any way and substitutions of the component type are
   performed to eliminate them from further consideration.  These
   substitutions automatically occur prior to each ComponentId, whether
   constructing or interpreting a component reference, but do not occur
   after the last ComponentId, except as allowed by Section 3.2.

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If the ASN.1 type is an ASN.1 type reference then the component type
   is taken to be the actual definition on the right hand side of the
   type assignment for the referenced type.

If the ASN.1 type is a tagged type then the component type is taken
   to be the type without the tag.

If the ASN.1 type is a constrained type (see X.680 [13] and X.682
   [15] for the details of ASN.1 constraint notation) then the component
   type is taken to be the type without the constraint.

If the ASN.1 type is an ObjectClassFieldType (Clause 14 of X.681
   [14]) that denotes a specific ASN.1 type (e.g., MATCHING-RULE.&id
   denotes the OBJECT IDENTIFIER type) then the component type is taken
   to be the denoted type.  Section 3.1.6 describes the case where the
   ObjectClassFieldType denotes an open type.

If the ASN.1 type is a selection type other than one used in the list
   of components for a SET or SEQUENCE type then the component type is
   taken to be the selected alternative type from the named CHOICE.

If the ASN.1 type is a TypeFromObject (Clause 15 of X.681 [14]) then
   the component type is taken to be the denoted type.

If the ASN.1 type is a ValueSetFromObjects (Clause 15 of X.681 [14])
   then the component type is taken to be the governing type of the
   denoted values.

3.1.2.  Referencing SET, SEQUENCE and CHOICE Components

If the ASN.1 type is a SET or SEQUENCE type then the <identifier>
   form of ComponentId may be used to identify the component type within
   that SET or SEQUENCE having that identifier.  If <identifier>
   references an OPTIONAL component type and that component is not
   present in a particular value then there are no corresponding
   component values.  If <identifier> references a DEFAULT component
   type and useDefaultValues is TRUE (the default setting for
   useDefaultValues) and that component is not present in a particular
   value then the component value is taken to be the default value.  If
   <identifier> references a DEFAULT component type and useDefaultValues
   is FALSE and that component is not present in a particular value then
   there are no corresponding component values.

If the ASN.1 type is a CHOICE type then the <identifier> form of
   ComponentId may be used to identify the alternative type within that
   CHOICE having that identifier.  If <identifier> references an
   alternative other than the one used in a particular value then there
   are no corresponding component values.

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The COMPONENTS OF notation in Clause 24 of X.680 [13] augments the
   defined list of components in a SET or SEQUENCE type by including all
   the components of another defined SET or SEQUENCE type respectively.
   These included components are referenced directly by identifier as
   though they were defined in-line in the SET or SEQUENCE type
   containing the COMPONENTS OF notation.

The SelectionType (Clause 29 of X.680 [13]), when used in the list of
   components for a SET or SEQUENCE type, includes a single component
   from a defined CHOICE type.  This included component is referenced
   directly by identifier as though it was defined in-line in the SET or
   SEQUENCE type.

The REAL type is treated as though it is the SEQUENCE type defined in
   Clause 20.5 of X.680 [13].

The EMBEDDED PDV type is treated as though it is the SEQUENCE type
   defined in Clause 33.5 of X.680 [13].

The EXTERNAL type is treated as though it is the SEQUENCE type
   defined in Clause 8.18.1 of X.690 [17].

The unrestricted CHARACTER STRING type is treated as though it is the
   SEQUENCE type defined in Clause 40.5 of X.680 [13].

The INSTANCE OF type is treated as though it is the SEQUENCE type
   defined in Annex C of X.681 [14].

The <identifier> form MUST NOT be used on any other ASN.1 type.

3.1.3.  Referencing SET OF and SEQUENCE OF Components

If the ASN.1 type is a SET OF or SEQUENCE OF type then the
   <from-beginning>, <from-end>, <count> and <all> forms of ComponentId
   may be used.

The <from-beginning> form of ComponentId may be used to identify one
   instance (i.e., value) of the component type of the SET OF or
   SEQUENCE OF type (e.g., if Foo ::= SET OF Bar, then Bar is the
   component type), where the instances are numbered from one upwards.
   If <from-beginning> references a higher numbered instance than the
   last instance in a particular value of the SET OF or SEQUENCE OF type
   then there is no corresponding component value.

The <from-end> form of ComponentId may be used to identify one
   instance of the component type of the SET OF or SEQUENCE OF type,
   where "-1" is the last instance, "-2" is the second last instance,

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and so on.  If <from-end> references a lower numbered instance than
   the first instance in a particular value of the SET OF or SEQUENCE OF
   type then there is no corresponding component value.

The <count> form of ComponentId identifies a notional count of the
   number of instances of the component type in a value of the SET OF or
   SEQUENCE OF type.  This count is not explicitly represented but for
   matching purposes it has an assumed ASN.1 type of INTEGER (0..MAX).
   A ComponentId of the <count> form, if used, MUST be the last
   ComponentId in a component reference.

The <all> form of ComponentId may be used to simultaneously identify
   all instances of the component type of the SET OF or SEQUENCE OF
   type.  It is through the <all> form that a component reference can
   identify more than one component value.  However, if a particular
   value of the SET OF or SEQUENCE OF type is an empty list, then there
   are no corresponding component values.

Where multiple component values are identified, the remaining
   ComponentIds in the component reference, if any, can identify zero,
   one or more subcomponent values for each of the higher level
   component values.

The corresponding ASN.1 type for the <from-beginning>, <from-end>,
   and <all> forms of ComponentId is the component type of the SET OF or
   SEQUENCE OF type.

The <from-beginning>, <count>, <from-end> and <all> forms MUST NOT be
   used on ASN.1 types other than SET OF or SEQUENCE OF.

3.1.4.  Referencing Components of Parameterized Types

A component reference cannot be formed for a parameterized type
   unless the type has been used with actual parameters, in which case
   the type is treated as though the DummyReferences [16] have been
   substituted with the actual parameters.

3.1.5.  Component Referencing Example

Consider the following ASN.1 type definitions.

ExampleType ::= SEQUENCE {
          part1       [0] INTEGER,
          part2       [1] ExampleSet,
          part3       [2] SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
          part4       [3] ExampleChoice }

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ExampleSet ::= SET {
          option      PrintableString,
          setting     BOOLEAN }

ExampleChoice ::= CHOICE {
          eeny-meeny  BIT STRING,
          miney-mo    OCTET STRING }

Following are component references constructed with respect to the
   type ExampleType.

The component reference "part1" identifies a component of a value of
   ExampleType having the ASN.1 tagged type [0] INTEGER.

The component reference "part2" identifies a component of a value of
   ExampleType having the ASN.1 type of [1] ExampleSet

The component reference "part2.option" identifies a component of a
   value of ExampleType having the ASN.1 type of PrintableString.  A
   ComponentAssertion could also be applied to a value of ASN.1 type
   ExampleSet, in which case the component reference "option" would
   identify the same kind of information.

The component reference "part3" identifies a component of a value of
   ExampleType having the ASN.1 type of [2] SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER.

The component reference "part3.2" identifies the second instance of
   the part3 SET OF.  The instance has the ASN.1 type of OBJECT
   IDENTIFIER.

The component reference "part3.0" identifies the count of the number
   of instances in the part3 SET OF.  The count has the corresponding
   ASN.1 type of INTEGER (0..MAX).

The component reference "part3.*" identifies all the instances in the
   part3 SET OF.  Each instance has the ASN.1 type of OBJECT IDENTIFIER.

The component reference "part4" identifies a component of a value of
   ExampleType having the ASN.1 type of [3] ExampleChoice.

The component reference "part4.miney-mo" identifies a component of a
   value of ExampleType having the ASN.1 type of OCTET STRING.

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3.1.6.  Referencing Components of Open Types

If a sequence of ComponentIds identifies an ObjectClassFieldType
   denoting an open type (e.g., ATTRIBUTE.&Type denotes an open type)
   then the ASN.1 type of the component varies.  An open type is
   typically constrained by some other component(s) in an outer
   enclosing type, either formally through the use of a component
   relation constraint [15], or informally in the accompanying text, so
   the actual ASN.1 type of a value of the open type will generally be
   known.  The constraint will also limit the range of permissible
   types.  The <select> form of ComponentId may be used to identify one
   of these permissible types in an open type.  Subcomponents of that
   type can then be identified with further ComponentIds.

The other components constraining the open type are termed the
   referenced components [15].  The <select> form contains a list of one
   or more values which take the place of the value(s) of the referenced
   component(s) to uniquely identify one of the permissible types of the
   open type.

Where the open type is constrained by a component relation
   constraint, there is a <Value> in the <select> form for each of the
   referenced components in the component relation constraint, appearing
   in the same order.  The ASN.1 type of each of these values is the
   same as the ASN.1 type of the corresponding referenced component.
   The type of a referenced component is potentially any ASN.1 type
   however it is typically an OBJECT IDENTIFIER or INTEGER, which means
   that the <Value> in the <select> form of ComponentId will nearly
   always be an <ObjectIdentifierValue> or <IntegerValue> [9].
   Furthermore, component relation constraints typically have only one
   referenced component.

Where the open type is not constrained by a component relation
   constraint, the specification introducing the syntax containing the
   open type should explicitly nominate the referenced components and
   their order, so that the <select> form can be used.

If an instance of <select> contains a value other than the value of
   the referenced component used in a particular value of the outer
   enclosing type then there are no corresponding component values for
   the open type.

3.1.6.1.  Open Type Referencing Example

The ASN.1 type AttributeTypeAndValue [10] describes a single
   attribute value of a nominated attribute type.

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AttributeTypeAndValue ::= SEQUENCE {
          type    ATTRIBUTE.&id ({SupportedAttributes}),
          value   ATTRIBUTE.&Type ({SupportedAttributes}{@type}) }

ATTRIBUTE.&id denotes an OBJECT IDENTIFIER and
   ({SupportedAttributes}) constrains the OBJECT IDENTIFIER to be a
   supported attribute type.

ATTRIBUTE.&Type denotes an open type, in this case an attribute
   value, and ({SupportedAttributes}{@type}) is a component relation
   constraint that constrains the open type to be of the attribute
   syntax for the attribute type.  The component relation constraint
   references only the "type" component, which has the ASN.1 type of
   OBJECT IDENTIFIER, thus if the <select> form of ComponentId is used
   to identify attribute values of specific attribute types it will
   contain a single OBJECT IDENTIFIER value.

The component reference "value" on AttributeTypeAndValue refers to
   the open type.

One of the X.500 standard attributes is facsimileTelephoneNumber
   [12], which is identified with the OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.4.23, and is
   defined to have the following syntax.

FacsimileTelephoneNumber ::= SEQUENCE {
          telephoneNumber PrintableString(SIZE(1..ub-telephone-number)),
          parameters      G3FacsimileNonBasicParameters OPTIONAL }

The component reference "value.(2.5.4.23)" on AttributeTypeAndValue
   specifies an attribute value with the FacsimileTelephoneNumber
   syntax.

The component reference "value.(2.5.4.23).telephoneNumber" on
   AttributeTypeAndValue identifies the telephoneNumber component of a
   facsimileTelephoneNumber attribute value.  The component reference
   "value.(facsimileTelephoneNumber)" is equivalent to
   "value.(2.5.4.23)".

If the AttributeTypeAndValue ASN.1 value contains an attribute type
   other than facsimileTelephoneNumber then there are no corresponding
   component values for the component references "value.(2.5.4.23)" and
   "value.(2.5.4.23).telephoneNumber".

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3.1.7.  Referencing Contained Types

Sometimes the contents of a BIT STRING or OCTET STRING value are
   required to be the encodings of other ASN.1 values of specific ASN.1
   types.  For example, the extnValue component of the Extension type
   component in the Certificate type [11] is an OCTET STRING that is
   required to contain a Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) [17]
   encoding of a certificate extension value.  It is useful to be able
   to refer to the embedded encoded value and its components.  An
   embedded encoded value is here referred to as a contained value and
   its associated type as the contained type.

If the ASN.1 type is a BIT STRING or OCTET STRING type containing
   encodings of other ASN.1 values then the <content> form of
   ComponentId may be used to identify the contained type.
   Subcomponents of that type can then be identified with further
   ComponentIds.

The contained type may be (effectively) an open type, constrained by
   some other component in an outer enclosing type (e.g., in a
   certificate Extension, extnValue is constrained by the chosen
   extnId).  In these cases the next ComponentId, if any, MUST be of the
   <select> form.

For the purpose of building component references, the content of the
   extnValue OCTET STRING in the Extension type is assumed to be an open
   type having a notional component relation constraint with the extnId
   component as the single referenced component, i.e.,

EXTENSION.&ExtnType ({ExtensionSet}{@extnId})

The data-value component of the associated types for the EMBEDDED PDV
   and CHARACTER STRING types is an OCTET STRING containing the encoding
   of a data value described by the identification component.  For the
   purpose of building component references, the content of the
   data-value OCTET STRING in these types is assumed to be an open type
   having a notional component relation constraint with the
   identification component as the single referenced component.

3.1.7.1.  Contained Type Referencing Example

The Extension ASN.1 type [11] describes a single certificate
   extension value of a nominated extension type.

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Extension ::= SEQUENCE {
          extnId     EXTENSION.&id ({ExtensionSet}),
          critical   BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
          extnValue  OCTET STRING
              -- contains a DER encoding of a value of type &ExtnType
              -- for the extension object identified by extnId -- }

EXTENSION.&id denotes an OBJECT IDENTIFIER and ({ExtensionSet})
   constrains the OBJECT IDENTIFIER to be the identifier of a supported
   certificate extension.

The component reference "extnValue" on Extension refers to a
   component type of OCTET STRING.  The corresponding component values
   will be OCTET STRING values.  The component reference
   "extnValue.content" on Extension refers to the type of the contained
   type, which in this case is an open type.

One of the X.509 [11] standard extensions is basicConstraints, which
   is identified with the OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.29.19 and is defined to
   have the following syntax.

BasicConstraintsSyntax ::= SEQUENCE {
          cA                 BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
          pathLenConstraint  INTEGER (0..MAX) OPTIONAL }

The component reference "extnValue.content.(2.5.29.19)" on Extension
   specifies a BasicConstraintsSyntax extension value and the component
   reference "extnValue.content.(2.5.29.19).cA" identifies the cA
   component of a BasicConstraintsSyntax extension value.

3.2.  Matching of Components

The rule in a ComponentAssertion specifies how the zero, one or more
   component values identified by the component reference are tested by
   the assertion.  Attribute matching rules are used to specify the
   semantics of the test.

Each matching rule has a notional set of attribute syntaxes
   (typically one), defined as ASN.1 types, to which it may be applied.
   When used in a ComponentAssertion these matching rules apply to the
   same ASN.1 types, only in this context the corresponding ASN.1 values
   are not necessarily complete attribute values.

Note that the referenced component type may be a tagged and/or
   constrained version of the expected attribute syntax (e.g.,
   [0] INTEGER, whereas integerMatch would expect simply INTEGER), or an
   open type.  Additional type substitutions of the kind described in

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Section 3.1.1 are performed as required to reduce the component type
   to the same type as the attribute syntax expected by the matching
   rule.

If a matching rule applies to more than one attribute syntax (e.g.,
   objectIdentifierFirstComponentMatch [12]) then the minimum number of
   substitutions required to conform to any one of those syntaxes is
   performed.  If a matching rule can apply to any attribute syntax
   (e.g., the allComponentsMatch rule defined in Section 6.2) then the
   referenced component type is used as is, with no additional
   substitutions.

The value in a ComponentAssertion will be of the assertion syntax
   (i.e., ASN.1 type) required by the chosen matching rule.  Note that
   the assertion syntax of a matching rule is not necessarily the same
   as the attribute syntax(es) to which the rule may be applied.

Some matching rules do not have a fixed assertion syntax (e.g.,
   allComponentsMatch).  The required assertion syntax is determined in
   each instance of use by the syntax of the attribute type to which the
   matching rule is applied.  For these rules the ASN.1 type of the
   referenced component is used in place of an attribute syntax to
   decide the required assertion syntax.

The ComponentAssertion is Undefined if:

a) the matching rule in the ComponentAssertion is not known to the
      evaluating procedure,

b) the matching rule is not applicable to the referenced component
      type, even with the additional type substitutions,

c) the value in the ComponentAssertion does not conform to the
      assertion syntax defined for the matching rule,

d) some part of the component reference identifies an open type in
      the tested value that cannot be decoded, or

e) the implementation does not support the particular combination of
      component reference and matching rule.

If the ComponentAssertion is not Undefined then the
   ComponentAssertion evaluates to TRUE if there is at least one
   component value for which the matching rule applied to that component
   value returns TRUE, and evaluates to FALSE otherwise (which includes
   the case where there are no component values).

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3.2.1.  Applicability of Existing Matching Rules

3.2.1.1.  String Matching

ASN.1 has a number of built in restricted character string types with
   different character sets and/or different character encodings.  A
   directory user generally has little interest in the particular
   character set or encoding used to represent a character string
   component value, and some directory server implementations make no
   distinction between the different string types in their internal
   representation of values.  So rather than define string matching
   rules for each of the restricted character string types, the existing
   case ignore and case exact string matching rules are extended to
   apply to component values of any of the restricted character string
   types and any ChoiceOfStrings type [9], in addition to component
   values of the DirectoryString type.  This extension is only for the
   purposes of component matching described in this document.

The relevant string matching rules are: caseIgnoreMatch,
   caseIgnoreOrderingMatch, caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch, caseExactMatch,
   caseExactOrderingMatch and caseExactSubstringsMatch.  The relevant
   restricted character string types are: NumericString,
   PrintableString, VisibleString, IA5String, UTF8String, BMPString,
   UniversalString, TeletexString, VideotexString, GraphicString and
   GeneralString.  A ChoiceOfStrings type is a purely syntactic CHOICE
   of these ASN.1 string types.  Note that GSER [9] declares each and
   every use of the DirectoryString{} parameterized type to be a
   ChoiceOfStrings type.

The assertion syntax of the string matching rules is still
   DirectoryString regardless of the string syntax of the component
   being matched.  Thus an implementation will be called upon to compare
   a DirectoryString value to a value of one of the restricted character
   string types, or a ChoiceOfStrings type.  As is the case when
   comparing two DirectoryStrings where the chosen alternatives are of
   different string types, the comparison proceeds so long as the
   corresponding characters are representable in both character sets.
   Otherwise matching returns FALSE.

3.2.1.2.  Telephone Number Matching

Early editions of X.520 [12] gave the syntax of the telephoneNumber
   attribute as a constrained PrintableString.  The fourth edition of
   X.520 equates the ASN.1 type name TelephoneNumber to the constrained
   PrintableString and uses TelephoneNumber as the attribute and
   assertion syntax.  For the purposes of component matching,

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telephoneNumberMatch and telephoneNumberSubstringsMatch are permitted
   to be applied to any PrintableString value, as well as to
   TelephoneNumber values.

3.2.1.3.  Distinguished Name Matching

The DistinguishedName type is defined by assignment to be the same as
   the RDNSequence type, however RDNSequence is sometimes directly used
   in other type definitions.  For the purposes of component matching,
   distinguishedNameMatch is also permitted to be applied to values of
   the RDNSequence type.

3.2.2.  Additional Useful Matching Rules

This section defines additional matching rules that may prove useful
   in ComponentAssertions.  These rules may also be used in
   extensibleMatch search filters [3].

3.2.2.1.  The rdnMatch Matching Rule

The distinguishedNameMatch matching rule can match whole
   distinguished names but it is sometimes useful to be able to match
   specific Relative Distinguished Names (RDNs) in a Distinguished Name
   (DN) without regard for the other RDNs in the DN.  The rdnMatch
   matching rule allows component RDNs of a DN to be tested.

The LDAP-style definitions for rdnMatch and its assertion syntax are:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.3 NAME 'rdnMatch'
          SYNTAX 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.0 )

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.0 DESC 'RDN' )

The LDAP-specific encoding for a value of the RDN syntax is given by
   the <RelativeDistinguishedNameValue> rule [9].

The X.500-style definition for rdnMatch is:

rdnMatch MATCHING-RULE ::= {
          SYNTAX  RelativeDistinguishedName
          ID      { 1 2 36 79672281 1 13 3 } }

The rdnMatch rule evaluates to true if the component value and
   assertion value are the same RDN, using the same RDN comparison
   method as distinguishedNameMatch.

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When using rdnMatch to match components of DNs it is important to
   note that the LDAP-specific encoding of a DN [5] reverses the order
   of the RDNs.  So for the DN represented in LDAP as
   "cn=Steven Legg,o=Adacel,c=AU", the RDN "cn=Steven Legg" corresponds
   to the component reference "3", or alternatively, "-1".

3.2.2.2.  The presentMatch Matching Rule

At times it would be useful to test not if a specific value of a
   particular component is present, but whether any value of a
   particular component is present.  The presentMatch matching rule
   allows the presence of a particular component value to be tested.

The LDAP-style definitions for presentMatch and its assertion syntax
   are:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.5 NAME 'presentMatch'
          SYNTAX 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.1 )

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.1 DESC 'NULL' )

The LDAP-specific encoding for a value of the NULL syntax is given by
   the <NullValue> rule [9].

The X.500-style definition for presentMatch is:

presentMatch MATCHING-RULE ::= {
          SYNTAX  NULL
          ID      { 1 2 36 79672281 1 13 5 } }

When used in a extensible match filter item, presentMatch behaves
   like the "present" case of a regular search filter.  In a
   ComponentAssertion, presentMatch evaluates to TRUE if and only if the
   component reference identifies one or more component values,
   regardless of the actual component value contents.  Note that if
   useDefaultValues is TRUE then the identified component values may be
   (part of) a DEFAULT value.

The notional count referenced by the <count> form of ComponentId is
   taken to be present if the SET OF value is present, and absent
   otherwise.  Note that in ASN.1 notation an absent SET OF value is
   distinctly different from a SET OF value that is present but empty.
   It is up to the specification using the ASN.1 notation to decide
   whether the distinction matters.  Often an empty SET OF component and
   an absent SET OF component are treated as semantically equivalent.
   If a SET OF value is present, but empty, a presentMatch on the SET OF
   component SHALL return TRUE and the notional count SHALL be regarded
   as present and equal to zero.

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3.2.3.  Summary of Useful Matching Rules

The following is a non-exhaustive list of useful matching rules and
   the ASN.1 types to which they can be applied, taking account of all
   the extensions described in Section 3.2.1, and the new matching rules
   defined in Section 3.2.2.

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Note that the allComponentsMatch matching rule defined in Section 6.2
   can be used for equality matching of values of the ENUMERATED, NULL,
   REAL and RELATIVE-OID ASN.1 types, among other things.

4.  ComponentFilter

The ComponentAssertion allows the value(s) of any one component type
   in a complex ASN.1 type to be matched, but there is often a desire to
   match the values of more than one component type.  A ComponentFilter
   is an assertion about the presence, or values of, multiple components
   within an ASN.1 value.

The ComponentFilter assertion, an expression of ComponentAssertions,
   evaluates to either TRUE, FALSE or Undefined for each tested ASN.1
   value.

A ComponentFilter is described by the following ASN.1 type (assumed
   to be defined with "EXPLICIT TAGS" in force):

ComponentFilter ::= CHOICE {
          item  [0] ComponentAssertion,
          and   [1] SEQUENCE OF ComponentFilter,
          or    [2] SEQUENCE OF ComponentFilter,
          not   [3] ComponentFilter }

Note: despite the use of SEQUENCE OF instead of SET OF for the "and"
   and "or" alternatives in ComponentFilter, the order of the component
   filters is not significant.

A ComponentFilter that is a ComponentAssertion evaluates to TRUE if
   the ComponentAssertion is TRUE, evaluates to FALSE if the
   ComponentAssertion is FALSE, and evaluates to Undefined otherwise.

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The "and" of a sequence of component filters evaluates to TRUE if the
   sequence is empty or if each component filter evaluates to TRUE,
   evaluates to FALSE if at least one component filter is FALSE, and
   evaluates to Undefined otherwise.

The "or" of a sequence of component filters evaluates to FALSE if the
   sequence is empty or if each component filter evaluates to FALSE,
   evaluates to TRUE if at least one component filter is TRUE, and
   evaluates to Undefined otherwise.

The "not" of a component filter evaluates to TRUE if the component
   filter is FALSE, evaluates to FALSE if the component filter is TRUE,
   and evaluates to Undefined otherwise.

5.  The componentFilterMatch Matching Rule

The componentFilterMatch matching rule allows a ComponentFilter to be
   applied to an attribute value.  The result of the matching rule is
   the result of applying the ComponentFilter to the attribute value.

The LDAP-style definitions for componentFilterMatch and its assertion
   syntax are:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.2 NAME 'componentFilterMatch'
          SYNTAX 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.2 )

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.2 DESC 'ComponentFilter' )

The LDAP-specific encoding for the ComponentFilter assertion syntax
   is specified by GSER [9].

As a convenience to implementors, an equivalent ABNF description of
   the GSER encoding for ComponentFilter is provided here.  In the event
   that there is a discrepancy between this ABNF and the encoding
   determined by GSER, GSER is to be taken as definitive.  The GSER
   encoding of a ComponentFilter is described by the following
   equivalent ABNF:

ComponentFilter = filter-item /
                        and-filter /
                        or-filter /
                        not-filter

filter-item     = item-chosen ComponentAssertion
      and-filter      = and-chosen  SequenceOfComponentFilter
      or-filter       = or-chosen   SequenceOfComponentFilter
      not-filter      = not-chosen  ComponentFilter

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item-chosen     = %x69.74.65.6D.3A  ; "item:"
      and-chosen      = %x61.6E.64.3A     ; "and:"
      or-chosen       = %x6F.72.3A        ; "or:"
      not-chosen      = %x6E.6F.74.3A     ; "not:"

SequenceOfComponentFilter = "{" [ sp ComponentFilter
                                     *( "," sp ComponentFilter) ] sp "}"

ComponentAssertion = "{" [ sp component "," ]
                               [ sp useDefaultValues "," ]
                                 sp rule ","
                                 sp assertion-value sp "}"
      component          = component-label msp StringValue
      useDefaultValues   = use-defaults-label msp BooleanValue
      rule               = rule-label msp ObjectIdentifierValue
      assertion-value    = value-label msp Value

component-label    = %x63.6F.6D.70.6F.6E.65.6E.74  ; "component"
      use-defaults-label = %x75.73.65.44.65.66.61.75.6C.74.56.61.6C.75
                           %x65.73                  ; "useDefaultValues"
      rule-label         = %x72.75.6C.65            ; "rule"
      value-label        = %x76.61.6C.75.65         ; "value"

sp                 =  *%x20  ; zero, one or more space characters
      msp                = 1*%x20  ; one or more space characters

The ABNF for <Value>, <StringValue>, <ObjectIdentifierValue> and
   <BooleanValue> is defined by GSER [9].

The ABNF descriptions of LDAP-specific encodings for attribute
   syntaxes typically do not clearly or consistently delineate the
   component parts of an attribute value.  A regular and uniform
   character string encoding for arbitrary component data types is
   needed to encode the assertion value in a ComponentAssertion.  The
   <Value> rule from GSER provides a human readable text encoding for a
   component value of any arbitrary ASN.1 type.

The X.500-style definition [10] for componentFilterMatch is:

componentFilterMatch MATCHING-RULE ::= {
          SYNTAX  ComponentFilter
          ID      { 1 2 36 79672281 1 13 2 } }

A ComponentAssertion can potentially use any matching rule, including
   componentFilterMatch, so componentFilterMatch may be nested.  The
   component references in a nested componentFilterMatch are relative to

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the component corresponding to the containing ComponentAssertion.  In
   Section 7, an example search on the seeAlso attribute shows this
   usage.

6.  Equality Matching of Complex Components

It is possible to test if an attribute value of a complex ASN.1
   syntax is the same as some purported (i.e., assertion) value by using
   a complicated ComponentFilter that tests if corresponding components
   are the same.  However, it would be more convenient to be able to
   present a whole assertion value to a matching rule that could do the
   component-wise comparison of an attribute value with the assertion
   value for any arbitrary attribute syntax.  Similarly, the ability to
   do a straightforward equality comparison of a component value that is
   itself of a complex ASN.1 type would also be convenient.

It would be difficult to define a single matching rule that
   simultaneously satisfies all notions of what the equality matching
   semantics should be.  For example, in some instances a case sensitive
   comparison of string components may be preferable to a case
   insensitive comparison.  Therefore a basic equality matching rule,
   allComponentsMatch, is defined in Section 6.2, and the means to
   derive new matching rules from it with slightly different equality
   matching semantics are described in Section 6.3.

The directoryComponentsMatch defined in Section 6.4 is a derivation
   of allComponentsMatch that suits typical uses of the directory.
   Other specifications are free to derive new rules from
   allComponentsMatch or directoryComponentsMatch, that suit their usage
   of the directory.

The allComponentsMatch rule, the directoryComponentsMatch rule and
   any matching rules derived from them are collectively called
   component equality matching rules.

6.1.  The OpenAssertionType Syntax

The component equality matching rules have a variable assertion
   syntax.  In X.500 this is indicated by omitting the optional SYNTAX
   field in the MATCHING-RULE information object.  The assertion syntax
   then defaults to the target attribute's syntax in actual usage,
   unless the description of the matching rule says otherwise.  The
   SYNTAX field in the LDAP-specific encoding of a
   MatchingRuleDescription is mandatory, so the OpenAssertionType syntax
   is defined to fill the same role.  That is, the OpenAssertionType
   syntax is semantically equivalent to an omitted SYNTAX field in an
   X.500 MATCHING-RULE information object.  OpenAssertionType MUST NOT
   be used as the attribute syntax in an attribute type definition.

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Unless explicitly varied by the description of a particular matching
   rule, if an OpenAssertionType assertion value appears in a
   ComponentAssertion its LDAP-specific encoding is described by the
   <Value> rule in GSER [9], otherwise its LDAP-specific encoding is the
   encoding defined for the syntax of the attribute type to which the
   matching rule with the OpenAssertionType assertion syntax is applied.

The LDAP definition for the OpenAssertionType syntax is:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.3 DESC 'OpenAssertionType' )

6.2.  The allComponentsMatch Matching Rule

The LDAP-style definition for allComponentsMatch is:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.6 NAME 'allComponentsMatch'
          SYNTAX 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.3 )

The X.500-style definition for allComponentsMatch is:

allComponentsMatch MATCHING-RULE ::= {
          ID      { 1 2 36 79672281 1 13 6 } }

When allComponentsMatch is used in a ComponentAssertion the assertion
   syntax is the same as the ASN.1 type of the identified component.
   Otherwise, the assertion syntax of allComponentsMatch is the same as
   the attribute syntax of the attribute to which the matching rule is
   applied.

Broadly speaking, this matching rule evaluates to true if and only if
   corresponding components of the assertion value and the attribute or
   component value are the same.

In detail, equality is determined by the following cases applied
   recursively.

a) Two values of a SET or SEQUENCE type are the same if and only if,
      for each component type, the corresponding component values are
      either,

1) both absent,

2) both present and the same, or

3) absent or the same as the DEFAULT value for the component, if a
         DEFAULT value is defined.

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Values of an EMBEDDED PDV, EXTERNAL, unrestricted CHARACTER
         STRING, or INSTANCE OF type are compared according to their
         respective associated SEQUENCE type (see Section 3.1.2).

b) Two values of a SEQUENCE OF type are the same if and only if, the
      values have the same number of (possibly duplicated) instances and
      corresponding instances are the same.

c) Two values of a SET OF type are the same if and only if, the
      values have the same number of instances and each distinct
      instance occurs in both values the same number of times, i.e.,
      both values have the same instances, including duplicates, but in
      any order.

d) Two values of a CHOICE type are the same if and only if, both
      values are of the same chosen alternative and the component values
      are the same.

e) Two BIT STRING values are the same if and only if the values have
      the same number of bits and corresponding bits are the same.  If
      the BIT STRING type is defined with a named bit list then trailing
      zero bits in the values are treated as absent for the purposes of
      this comparison.

f) Two BOOLEAN values are the same if and only if both are TRUE or
      both are FALSE.

g) Two values of a string type are the same if and only if the values
      have the same number of characters and corresponding characters
      are the same.  Letter case is significant.  For the purposes of
      allComponentsMatch, the string types are NumericString,
      PrintableString, TeletexString (T61String), VideotexString,
      IA5String, GraphicString, VisibleString (ISO646String),
      GeneralString, UniversalString, BMPString, UTF8String,
      GeneralizedTime, UTCTime and ObjectDescriptor.

h) Two INTEGER values are the same if and only if the integers are
      equal.

i) Two ENUMERATED values are the same if and only if the enumeration
      item identifiers are the same (equivalently, if the integer values
      associated with the identifiers are equal).

j) Two NULL values are always the same, unconditionally.

k) Two OBJECT IDENTIFIER values are the same if and only if the
      values have the same number of arcs and corresponding arcs are the
      same.

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l) Two OCTET STRING values are the same if and only if the values
      have the same number of octets and corresponding octets are the
      same.

m) Two REAL values are the same if and only if they are both the same
      special value, or neither is a special value and they have the
      same base and represent the same real number.  The special values
      for REAL are zero, PLUS-INFINITY and MINUS-INFINITY.

n) Two RELATIVE-OID values are the same if and only if the values
      have the same number of arcs and corresponding arcs are the same.
      The respective starting nodes for the RELATIVE-OID values are
      disregarded in the comparison, i.e., they are assumed to be the
      same.

o) Two values of an open type are the same if and only if both are of
      the same ASN.1 type and are the same according to that type.  If
      the actual ASN.1 type of the values is unknown then the
      allComponentsMatch rule evaluates to Undefined.

Tags and constraints, being part of the type definition and not part
   of the abstract values, are ignored for matching purposes.

The allComponentsMatch rule may be used as the defined equality
   matching rule for an attribute.

6.3.  Deriving Component Equality Matching Rules

A new component equality matching rule with more refined matching
   semantics may be derived from allComponentsMatch, or any other
   component equality matching rule, using the convention described in
   this section.

The matching behaviour of a derived component equality matching rule
   is specified by nominating, for each of one or more identified
   components, a commutative equality matching rule that will be used to
   match values of that component.  This overrides the matching that
   would otherwise occur for values of that component using the base
   rule for the derivation.  These overrides can be conveniently
   represented as rows in a table of the following form.

Component   |  Matching Rule
      ============+===============
                  |
                  |

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Usually, all component values of a particular ASN.1 type are to be
   matched the same way.  An ASN.1 type reference (e.g.,
   DistinguishedName) or an ASN.1 built-in type name (e.g., INTEGER) in
   the Component column of the table specifies that the nominated
   equality matching rule is to be applied to all values of the named
   type, regardless of context.

An ASN.1 type reference with a component reference appended
   (separated by a ".")  specifies that the nominated matching rule
   applies only to the identified components of values of the named
   type.  Other component values that happen to be of the same ASN.1
   type are not selected.

Additional type substitutions as described in Section 3.2 are assumed
   to be performed to align the component type with the matching rule
   assertion syntax.

Conceptually, the rows in a table for the base rule are appended to
   the rows in the table for a derived rule for the purpose of deciding
   the matching semantics of the derived rule.  Notionally,
   allComponentsMatch has an empty table.

A row specifying values of an outer containing type (e.g.,
   DistinguishedName) takes precedence over a row specifying values of
   an inner component type (e.g., RelativeDistinguishedName), regardless
   of their order in the table.  Specifying a row for component values
   of an inner type is only useful if a value of the type can also
   appear on its own, or as a component of values of a different outer
   type.  For example, if there is a row for DistinguishedName then a
   row for RelativeDistinguishedName can only ever apply to
   RelativeDistinguishedName component values that are not part of a
   DistinguishedName.  A row for values of an outer type in the table
   for the base rule takes precedence over a row for values of an inner
   type in the table for the derived rule.

Where more than one row applies to a particular component value the
   earlier row takes precedence over the later row.  Thus rows in the
   table for the derived rule take precedence over any rows for the same
   component in the table for the base rule.

6.4.  The directoryComponentsMatch Matching Rule

The directoryComponentsMatch matching rule is derived from the
   allComponentsMatch matching rule.

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The LDAP-style definition for directoryComponentsMatch is:

( 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.7 NAME 'directoryComponentsMatch'
          SYNTAX 1.2.36.79672281.1.5.3 )

The X.500-style definition for directoryComponentsMatch is:

directoryComponentsMatch MATCHING-RULE ::= {
          ID      { 1 2 36 79672281 1 13 7 } }

The matching semantics of directoryComponentsMatch are described by
   the following table, using the convention described in Section 6.3.

ASN.1 Type                               | Matching Rule
      =========================================+========================
      RDNSequence                              | distinguishedNameMatch
      RelativeDistinguishedName                | rdnMatch
      TelephoneNumber                          | telephoneNumberMatch
      FacsimileTelephoneNumber.telephoneNumber | telephoneNumberMatch
      NumericString                            | numericStringMatch
      GeneralizedTime                          | generalizedTimeMatch
      UTCTime                                  | uTCTimeMatch
      DirectoryString{}                        | caseIgnoreMatch
      BMPString                                | caseIgnoreMatch
      GeneralString                            | caseIgnoreMatch
      GraphicString                            | caseIgnoreMatch
      IA5String                                | caseIgnoreMatch
      PrintableString                          | caseIgnoreMatch
      TeletexString                            | caseIgnoreMatch
      UniversalString                          | caseIgnoreMatch
      UTF8String                               | caseIgnoreMatch
      VideotexString                           | caseIgnoreMatch
      VisibleString                            | caseIgnoreMatch

Notes:

1) The DistinguishedName type is defined by assignment to be the same
      as the RDNSequence type.  Some types (e.g., Name and LocalName)
      directly reference RDNSequence rather than DistinguishedName.
      Specifying RDNSequence captures all these DN-like types.

2) A RelativeDistinguishedName value is only matched by rdnMatch if
      it is not part of an RDNSequence value.

3) The telephone number component of the FacsimileTelephoneNumber
      ASN.1 type [12] is defined as a constrained PrintableString.
      PrintableString component values that are part of a
      FacsimileTelephoneNumber value can be identified separately from

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other components of PrintableString type by the specifier
      FacsimileTelephoneNumber.telephoneNumber, so that
      telephoneNumberMatch can be selectively applied.  The fourth
      edition of X.520 defines the telephoneNumber component of
      FacsimileTelephoneNumber to be of the type TelephoneNumber, making
      the row for FacsimileTelephoneNumber.telephoneNumber components
      redundant.

The directoryComponentsMatch rule may be used as the defined equality
   matching rule for an attribute.

7.  Component Matching Examples

This section contains examples of search filters using the
   componentFilterMatch matching rule.  The filters are described using
   the string representation of LDAP search filters [18].  Note that
   this representation requires asterisks to be escaped in assertion
   values (in these examples the assertion values are all
   <ComponentAssertion> encodings).  The asterisks have not been escaped
   in these examples for the sake of clarity, and to avoid confusing the
   protocol representation of LDAP search filter assertion values, where
   such escaping does not apply.  Line breaks and indenting have been
   added only as an aid to readability.

The example search filters using componentFilterMatch are all single
   extensible match filter items, though there is no reason why
   componentFilterMatch can't be used in more complicated search
   filters.

The first examples describe searches over the objectClasses schema
   operational attribute, which has an attribute syntax described by the
   ASN.1 type ObjectClassDescription [10], and holds the definitions of
   the object classes known to a directory server.  The definition of
   ObjectClassDescription is as follows:

ObjectClassDescription ::= SEQUENCE {
          identifier       OBJECT-CLASS.&id,
          name             SET OF DirectoryString {ub-schema} OPTIONAL,
          description      DirectoryString {ub-schema} OPTIONAL,
          obsolete         BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
          information  [0] ObjectClassInformation }

ObjectClassInformation ::= SEQUENCE {
          subclassOf       SET OF OBJECT-CLASS.&id OPTIONAL,
          kind             ObjectClassKind DEFAULT structural,
          mandatories  [3] SET OF ATTRIBUTE.&id OPTIONAL,
          optionals    [4] SET OF ATTRIBUTE.&id OPTIONAL }

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ObjectClassKind ::= ENUMERATED {
          abstract     (0),
          structural   (1),
          auxiliary    (2) }

OBJECT-CLASS.&id and ATTRIBUTE.&id are equivalent to the OBJECT
   IDENTIFIER ASN.1 type.  A value of OBJECT-CLASS.&id is an OBJECT
   IDENTIFIER for an object class.  A value of ATTRIBUTE.&id is an
   OBJECT IDENTIFIER for an attribute type.

The following search filter finds the object class definition for the
   object class identified by the OBJECT IDENTIFIER 2.5.6.18:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
           item:{ component "identifier",
                  rule objectIdentifierMatch, value 2.5.6.18 })

A match on the "identifier" component of objectClasses values is
   equivalent to the objectIdentifierFirstComponentMatch matching rule
   applied to attribute values of the objectClasses attribute type.  The
   componentFilterMatch matching rule subsumes the functionality of the
   objectIdentifierFirstComponentMatch, integerFirstComponentMatch and
   directoryStringFirstComponentMatch matching rules.

The following search filter finds the object class definition for the
   object class called foobar:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "name.*",
                 rule caseIgnoreMatch, value "foobar" })

An object class definition can have multiple names and the above
   filter will match an objectClasses value if any one of the names is
   "foobar".

The component reference "name.0" identifies the notional count of the
   number of names in an object class definition.  The following search
   filter finds object class definitions with exactly one name:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "name.0", rule integerMatch, value 1 })

The "description" component of an ObjectClassDescription is defined
   to be an OPTIONAL DirectoryString.  The following search filter finds
   object class definitions that have descriptions, regardless of the
   contents of the description string:

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(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "description",
                 rule presentMatch, value NULL })

The presentMatch returns TRUE if the description component is present
   and FALSE otherwise.

The following search filter finds object class definitions that don't
   have descriptions:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          not:item:{ component "description",
                     rule presentMatch, value NULL })

The following search filter finds object class definitions with the
   word "bogus" in the description:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "description",
                 rule caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch,
                 value { any:"bogus" } })

The assertion value is of the SubstringAssertion syntax, i.e.,

SubstringAssertion ::= SEQUENCE OF CHOICE {
          initial      [0] DirectoryString {ub-match},
          any          [1] DirectoryString {ub-match},
          final        [2] DirectoryString {ub-match} }

The "obsolete" component of an ObjectClassDescription is defined to
   be DEFAULT FALSE.  An object class is obsolete if the "obsolete"
   component is present and set to TRUE.  The following search filter
   finds all obsolete object classes:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "obsolete", rule booleanMatch, value TRUE })

An object class is not obsolete if the "obsolete" component is not
   present, in which case it defaults to FALSE, or is present but is
   explicitly set to FALSE.  The following search filter finds all non-
   obsolete object classes:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "obsolete", rule booleanMatch, value FALSE })

The useDefaultValues flag in the ComponentAssertion defaults to TRUE
   so the componentFilterMatch rule treats an absent "obsolete"
   component as being present and set to FALSE.  The following search

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filter finds only object class definitions where the "obsolete"
   component has been explicitly set to FALSE, rather than implicitly
   defaulting to FALSE:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "obsolete", useDefaultValues FALSE,
                 rule booleanMatch, value FALSE })

With the useDefaultValues flag set to FALSE, if the "obsolete"
   component is absent the component reference identifies no component
   value and the matching rule will return FALSE.  The matching rule can
   only return TRUE if the component is present and set to FALSE.

The "information.kind" component of the ObjectClassDescription is an
   ENUMERATED type.  The allComponentsMatch matching rule can be used to
   match values of an ENUMERATED type.  The following search filter
   finds object class definitions for auxiliary object classes:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "information.kind",
                 rule allComponentsMatch, value auxiliary })

The following search filter finds auxiliary object classes with
   commonName (cn or 2.5.4.3) as a mandatory attribute:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=and:{
          item:{ component "information.kind",
                 rule allComponentsMatch, value auxiliary },
          item:{ component "information.mandatories.*",
                 rule objectIdentifierMatch, value cn } })

The following search filter finds auxiliary object classes with
   commonName as a mandatory or optional attribute:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=and:{
          item:{ component "information.kind",
                 rule allComponentsMatch, value auxiliary },
          or:{
              item:{ component "information.mandatories.*",
                     rule objectIdentifierMatch, value cn },
              item:{ component "information.optionals.*",
                     rule objectIdentifierMatch, value cn } } })

Extra care is required when matching optional SEQUENCE OF or SET OF
   components because of the distinction between an absent list of
   instances and a present, but empty, list of instances.  The following
   search filter finds object class definitions with less than three

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names, including object class definitions with a present but empty
   list of names, but does not find object class definitions with an
   absent list of names:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "name.0",
                 rule integerOrderingMatch, value 3 })

If the "name" component is absent the "name.0" component is also
   considered to be absent and the ComponentAssertion evaluates to
   FALSE.  If the "name" component is present, but empty, the "name.0"
   component is also present and equal to zero, so the
   ComponentAssertion evaluates to TRUE.  To also find the object class
   definitions with an absent list of names the following search filter
   would be used:

(objectClasses:componentFilterMatch:=or:{
          not:item:{ component "name", rule presentMatch, value NULL },
          item:{ component "name.0",
                 rule integerOrderingMatch, value 3 } })

Distinguished names embedded in other syntaxes can be matched with a
   componentFilterMatch.  The uniqueMember attribute type has an
   attribute syntax described by the ASN.1 type NameAndOptionalUID.

NameAndOptionalUID ::= SEQUENCE {
          dn        DistinguishedName,
          uid       UniqueIdentifier OPTIONAL }

The following search filter finds values of the uniqueMember
   attribute containing the author's DN:

(uniqueMember:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "dn",
                 rule distinguishedNameMatch,
                 value "cn=Steven Legg,o=Adacel,c=AU" })

The DistinguishedName and RelativeDistinguishedName ASN.1 types are
   also complex ASN.1 types so the component matching rules can be
   applied to their inner components.

DistinguishedName   ::= RDNSequence

RDNSequence ::= SEQUENCE OF RelativeDistinguishedName

RelativeDistinguishedName ::= SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF
          AttributeTypeAndValue

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AttributeTypeAndValue ::= SEQUENCE {
          type        AttributeType ({SupportedAttributes}),
          value       AttributeValue ({SupportedAttributes}{@type}) }

AttributeType ::= ATTRIBUTE.&id

AttributeValue ::= ATTRIBUTE.&Type

ATTRIBUTE.&Type is an open type.  A value of ATTRIBUTE.&Type is
   constrained by the type component of AttributeTypeAndValue to be of
   the attribute syntax of the nominated attribute type.  Note: the
   fourth edition of X.500 extends and renames the AttributeTypeAndValue
   SEQUENCE type.

The seeAlso attribute has the DistinguishedName syntax.  The
   following search filter finds seeAlso attribute values containing the
   RDN, "o=Adacel", anywhere in the DN:

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "*", rule rdnMatch, value "o=Adacel" })

The following search filter finds all seeAlso attribute values with
   "cn=Steven Legg" as the RDN of the named entry (i.e., the "first" RDN
   in an LDAPDN or the "last" RDN in an X.500 DN):

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "-1",
                 rule rdnMatch, value "cn=Steven Legg" })

The following search filter finds all seeAlso attribute values naming
   entries in the DIT subtree of "o=Adacel,c=AU":

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=and:{
          item:{ component "1", rule rdnMatch, value "c=AU" },
          item:{ component "2", rule rdnMatch, value "o=Adacel" } })

The following search filter finds all seeAlso attribute values
   containing the naming attribute types commonName (cn) and
   telephoneNumber in the same RDN:

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "*", rule componentFilterMatch,
                 value and:{
                     item:{ component "*.type",
                            rule objectIdentifierMatch, value cn },
                     item:{ component "*.type",
                            rule objectIdentifierMatch,
                            value telephoneNumber } } })

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The following search filter would find all seeAlso attribute values
   containing the attribute types commonName and telephoneNumber, but
   not necessarily in the same RDN:

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=and:{
          item:{ component "*.*.type",
                 rule objectIdentifierMatch, value cn },
          item:{ component "*.*.type",
                 rule objectIdentifierMatch, value telephoneNumber } })

The following search filter finds all seeAlso attribute values
   containing the word "Adacel" in any organizationalUnitName (ou)
   attribute value in any AttributeTypeAndValue of any RDN:

(seeAlso:componentFilterMatch:=
          item:{ component "*.*.value.(2.5.4.11)",
                 rule caseIgnoreSubstringsMatch,
                 value { any:"Adacel" } })

The component reference "*.*.value" identifies an open type, in this
   case an attribute value.  In a particular AttributeTypeAndValue, if
   the attribute type is not organizationalUnitName then the
   ComponentAssertion evaluates to FALSE.  Otherwise the substring
   assertion is evaluated against the attribute value.

Absent component references in ComponentAssertions can be exploited
   to avoid false positive matches on multi-valued attributes.  For
   example, suppose there is a multi-valued attribute named
   productCodes, defined to have the Integer syntax
   (1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27).  Consider the following search
   filter:

(&(!(productCodes:integerOrderingMatch:=3))
        (productCodes:integerOrderingMatch:=8))

An entry whose productCodes attribute contains only the values 1 and
   10 will match the above filter.  The first subfilter is satisfied by
   the value 10 (10 is not less than 3), and the second subfilter is
   satisfied by the value 1 (1 is less than 8).  The following search
   filter can be used instead to only match entries that have a
   productCodes value in the range 3 to 7, because the ComponentFilter
   is evaluated against each productCodes value in isolation:

(productCodes:componentFilterMatch:= and:{
           not:item:{ rule integerOrderingMatch, value 3 },
          item:{ rule integerOrderingMatch, value 8 } })

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An entry whose productCodes attribute contains only the values 1 and
   10 will not match the above filter.

8.  Security Considerations

The component matching rules described in this document allow for a
   compact specification of matching capabilities that could otherwise
   have been defined by a plethora of specific matching rules, i.e.,
   despite their expressiveness and flexibility the component matching
   rules do not behave in a way uncharacteristic of other matching
   rules, so the security issues for component matching rules are no
   different than for any other matching rule.  However, because the
   component matching rules are applicable to any attribute syntax,
   support for them in a directory server may allow searching of
   attributes that were previously unsearchable by virtue of there not
   being a suitable matching rule.  Such attribute types ought to be
   properly protected with appropriate access controls.  A generic,
   interoperable access control mechanism has not yet been developed,
   however, and implementors should be aware of the interaction of that
   lack with the increased risk of exposure described above.

9.  Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank Tom Gindin for private email
   discussions that clarified and refined the ideas presented in this
   document.

10.  IANA Considerations

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has updated the LDAP
   descriptors registry [8] as indicated by the following templates:

Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
      Descriptor (short name): componentFilterMatch
      Object Identifier: 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.2
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Steven Legg <steven.legg@adacel.com.au>
      Usage: other (matching rule)
      Specification: RFC 3687
      Author/Change Controller: IESG

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Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
      Descriptor (short name): rdnMatch
      Object Identifier: 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.3
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Steven Legg <steven.legg@adacel.com.au>
      Usage: other (matching rule)
      Specification: RFC 3687
      Author/Change Controller: IESG

Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
      Descriptor (short name): presentMatch
      Object Identifier: 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.5
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Steven Legg <steven.legg@adacel.com.au>
      Usage: other (matching rule)
      Specification: RFC 3687
      Author/Change Controller: IESG

Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
      Descriptor (short name): allComponentsMatch
      Object Identifier: 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.6
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Steven Legg <steven.legg@adacel.com.au>
      Usage: other (matching rule)
      Specification: RFC 3687
      Author/Change Controller: IESG

Subject: Request for LDAP Descriptor Registration
      Descriptor (short name): directoryComponentsMatch
      Object Identifier: 1.2.36.79672281.1.13.7
      Person & email address to contact for further information:
        Steven Legg <steven.legg@adacel.com.au>
      Usage: other (matching rule)
      Specification: RFC 3687
      Author/Change Controller: IESG

The object identifiers have been assigned for use in this
   specification by Adacel Technologies, under an arc assigned to Adacel
   by Standards Australia.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

[1]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

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RFC 3687        LDAP and X.500 Component Matching Rules    February 2004

[2]   Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
         Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

[3]   Wahl, M., Howes, T. and S. Kille, "Lightweight Directory Access
         Protocol (v3)", RFC 2251, December 1997.

[4]   Wahl, M., Coulbeck, A., Howes, T. and S. Kille, "Lightweight
         Directory Access Protocol (v3): Attribute Syntax Definitions",
         RFC 2252, December 1997.

[5]   Wahl, M., Kille S. and T. Howes. "Lightweight Directory Access
         Protocol (v3): UTF-8 String Representation of Distinguished
         Names", RFC 2253, December 1997.

[6]   Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646", STD
         63, RFC 3629, November 2003.

[7]   Hodges, J. and R. Morgan, "Lightweight Directory Access
         Protocol (v3): Technical Specification", RFC 3377, September
         2002.

[8]   Zeilenga, K., "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
         Considerations for the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
         (LDAP)", BCP 64, RFC 3383, September 2002.

[9]   Legg, S., "Generic String Encoding Rules (GSER) for ASN.1
         Types", RFC 3641, October 2003.

[10]  ITU-T Recommendation X.501 (1993) | ISO/IEC 9594-2:1994,
         Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The
         Directory: Models

[11]  ITU-T Recommendation X.509 (1997) | ISO/IEC 9594-8:1998,
         Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The
         Directory: Authentication Framework

[12]  ITU-T Recommendation X.520 (1993) | ISO/IEC 9594-6:1994,
         Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The
         Directory: Selected attribute types

[13]  ITU-T Recommendation X.680 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-1:2002,
         Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1):
         Specification of basic notation

[14]  ITU-T Recommendation X.681 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002,
         Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1):
         Information object specification

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RFC 3687        LDAP and X.500 Component Matching Rules    February 2004

[15]  ITU-T Recommendation X.682 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-3:2002,
         Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1):
         Constraint specification

[16]  ITU-T Recommendation X.683 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8824-4:2002,
         Information technology - Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1):
         Parameterization of ASN.1 specifications

[17]  ITU-T Recommendation X.690 (07/02) | ISO/IEC 8825-1,
         Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of
         Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and
         Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER)

12.2.  Informative References

[18]  Howes, T., "The String Representation of LDAP Search Filters",
         RFC 2254, December 1997.

[19]  ITU-T Recommendation X.500 (1993) | ISO/IEC 9594-1:1994,
         Information Technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The
         Directory: Overview of concepts, models and services

12.  Intellectual Property Statement

The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it
   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
   standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of
   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
   licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
   obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
   be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.

The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
   Director.

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RFC 3687        LDAP and X.500 Component Matching Rules    February 2004

13.  Author's Address

Steven Legg
   Adacel Technologies Ltd.
   250 Bay Street
   Brighton, Victoria 3186
   AUSTRALIA

Phone: +61 3 8530 7710
   Fax:   +61 3 8530 7888
   EMail: steven.legg@adacel.com.au

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RFC 3687        LDAP and X.500 Component Matching Rules    February 2004

14.  Full Copyright Statement

This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assignees.

This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Acknowledgement

Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.

Legg                        Standards Track                    [Page 42]

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